Under FISMA, agencies must follow guidelines developed by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), including standards like NIST SP 800-53, which outlines security controls for federal systems. The law mandates regular risk assessments, system monitoring, security training, and annual reporting to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and Congress. FISMA compliance is essential for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive federal data.







